“ Amategeko tuzayiga kugeza natwe twicaye mu bushorishori ”- Abaryamana n’abo bahuje ibitsina
“Amategeko tuzayiga kugeza natwe twicaye mu bushorishori.”Ayo ni amagambo yuzuye icyizere ya Nzaramba, umwe mu rubyiruko ruri mu muryango wa LGBTQ (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer/Questioning), avuga ko yahisemo kwiga amategeko kugira ngo azafashe kurengera abahura n’ihohoterwa rishingiye ku miterere yabo y’igitsina.
U Rwanda ntirugira itegeko ribuza cyangwa ngo rihane abaryamana n’abo bahuje ibitsina, ariko nanone nta n’itegeko ribarengera by’umwihariko. Ibyo bituma benshi muri bo bavuga ko basigaye inyuma mu kurengerwa n’amategeko, bityo bamwe bakabona kwiga amategeko nk’inzira yo gufungura ijwi ryabo mu rwego rw’ubutabera.
UWASE Rebecca, w’imyaka 29, yiga mu mwaka wa kabiri mu ishami ry’amategeko muri kaminuza imwe yo mu mujyi wa Kigali, avuga ko mbere yari yarasoje andi masomo mu bijyanye n’icungamutungo, ariko nyuma aza kubona ko ikintu gikomeye abari mu muryango wa LGBTQ bakeneye ari ubumenyi ku mategeko.
Yagize ati: “Badukubitisha itegeko ngo ‘Itegeko Nshinga riraturengera’, ariko wareba neza ugasanga ntaho tuvugwa nk’abahuye n’ihohoterwa rishingiye ku miterere yacu. Niyo mpamvu niga amategeko, ndashaka kumenya uburyo bwo kubwira abashinzwe ubutabera mu magambo babasha kumva neza.”
NZARAMBA, nawe uri mubari kwiga amategeko, avuga ko yasanze guharanira uburenganzira bisaba kuba mu myanya ifata ibyemezo.
Ati: “Iyo nta magambo y’amategeko ufite, uba uvuze amagambo gusa. Abanyamategeko batubwira ko ari ngombwa kuba ufite ingingo zikurengera, aribwo ibyo uvuga biba byumvikana. Twe tuziga kugeza ubwo natwe tuzicara mu bushorishori, aho bafatira ibyemezo.”
HABIMANA Patrick, umunyeshuri wiga mu cyiciro cya gatatu cya kaminuza mu ishami ry’amategeko muri Kaminuza ya Alberta, muri Canada, avuga ko yahuye n’ihohoterwa rikabije ubwo yari mu Rwanda.
Yagize ati: “Nirukanywe mu kazi kabiri, bansohora mu gipangu ntuyemo ngo ‘utazanduza abana’ kubera uko nitwara. Byanteye umujinya mwiza niwo wanteye kwiga amategeko” .
Patrick yongeraho ko yifuza kuzagaruka mu Rwanda kugira uruhare mu kuvugurura amategeko “ku buryo buri wese arengerwa uko ameze kose.”
Itegeko Nshinga rivuga iki?
Ingingo ya 16 y’Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda (ryavuguruwe mu 2015) ivuga ko:“Abanyarwanda bose bavukana kandi bagakomeza kugira uburenganzira n’ubwisanzure bingana. Ivangura iryo ari ryo ryose cyangwa kurikwirakwiza, byaba bishingiye ku bwoko, ku gisekuru, ku gitsina, ku idini, ku bitekerezo, ku mutungo, ku bumuga, cyangwa ku rindi vangura iryo ari ryo ryose, birabujijwe kandi bihanwa n’amategeko.”
Ni aha abaryamana n’abo bahuje ibitsina bahera bavuga ko n’uburenganzira bwabo bukwiye kuba burimo, nabo bakavugwa mu izina ryabo, kuko ari icyiciro gihuriyemo abantu bahura n’ihohoterwa cyane.
Mu ngingo ya 17, Itegeko Nshinga rivuga ko “ishyingirwa ryemewe ari iryabaye hagati y’umugabo n’umugore” ibintu bituma bamwe bavuga ko ritabafata nk’abashobora kubaka urugo mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko.
Me Claudine NYINAWUMUNTU , umunyamategeko ukorera muri Kigali Bar Association, asobanura ko n’ubwo amategeko y’u Rwanda atahana abaryamana n’abo bahuje igitsina, “kubura amategeko abashyigikira by’umwihariko bituma bigorana kurengera abo bahohoterwa”.
Ati: “Ni byo koko, amategeko y’u Rwanda ntahana abaryamana n’abo bahuje ibitsina. Ariko kubura amategeko arengera by’umwihariko abafite imiterere itandukanye (LGBTQ+) bituma bigora kurengera abo bahohoterwa. Ubutabera busaba ibimenyetso bifatika, kandi akenshi n’abahohotewe ubwabo ntibatinyuka no kujya kurega”.
Kumenya amategeko ni igisubizo cy’ibibazo byinshi…
Andre UWAYEZU, Umuyobozi mukuru wa ‘Wiceceka Christian Support Organization’, ni umuryango uharanira uburenganizira bwa muntu ukanakora ku bijyanye n’ubuzima, Ku bijyanye no kuba azi ko hari abanyeshuri bagiye kwiga amategeko ku bw’impamvu yo guhohoterwa ,
Yagize ati: “ Byanze bikunze kubera ko dufite abana benshi twagiye dufasha kwiga, ntabwo namenya ngo ni bande bize amategeko ariko uretse n’ibyo n’abanyamuryango bacu tubahugura kumenya amategeko kubera ko burya ni byiza ko abantu bamenya amategeko kugira ngo birinde ibyaha, banamenye uburenganzira bwabo”.
UWAYEZU asaba ko mu Itegeko Nshinga, cyane cyane mu ngingo ya 16, hajyamo n’amagambo yerekana uburenganzira bushingiye ku “sexual orientation” (imiterere y’igitsina), kuko kuba biburamo bituma habaho icyuho mu kurengera abantu bose kimwe.
Abaganiriye na Impuruza.net bose, bahuriza ku ngingo imwe: kumva amategeko, kuyasobanukirwa no kugira ijambo mu kuyavugurura ni byo bizabafasha kugera ku burenganzira busesuye.
NZARAMBA agira ati: “Ntabwo dushaka gutera impuhwe, ahubwo dushaka kugira ijambo mu mategeko”.
Icyo imiryango isaba Leta…
Health Development Initiative (HDI), kimwe mu bigo bikorana n’Akanama ka Loni gashinzwe Iperereza ku Iyubahirizwa ry’Uburenganzira bwa Muntu (Universal Periodic Review /UPR), gisaba ko mu ngingo ya 16 hongerwamo amagambo yerekana “imiterere y’igitsina” mu buryo bwo kurwanya ivangura.
Mu nyandiko HDI yashyikirije UPR, ivuga ko ihohoterwa rikorerwa abaryamana n’abo bahuje ibitsina mu Rwanda ririho kandi rikwiye gusubizwa mu buryo bw’amategeko. Benshi mu bohohoterwa usanga barirukanywe mu kazi, batitabwaho n’inzego z’ibanze cyangwa z’umutekano, kandi rimwe na rimwe bakabura aho baregera.
Uko akarere u Rwanda ruherereyemo byifashe…
U Rwanda ni kimwe mu bihugu bike muri Afurika aho kuryamana n’uwo muhuje igitsina atari icyaha. Ariko mu bihugu bituranye narwo: Muri Kenya, iki gikorwa gihanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 14; mu Burundi, imyaka 2 y’igifungo; Sudani y’Epfo, imyaka 10 y’igifungo;Uganda amategeko mashya yemejwe mu 2023 ashobora gutuma umuntu afungwa ubuzima bwe bwose; naho muri Tanzania ni icyaha gishobora gufungisha umuntu ubuzima bwe bwose…Ibi bituma u Rwanda rugaragara nk’igihugu cyihariye mu Karere mu kutabangamira abaryamana n’abo bahuje igitsina , ariko nabwo ntibivuze ko bwubahirizwa neza nk’uko babisaba.
Umubare w’abagize umuryango wa LGBTQ+ mu Rwanda
Kugeza ubu, nta bushakashatsi na bumwe bwemewe n’Igihugu cyangwa imiryango mpuzamahanga bugaragaza umubare nyawo w’abagize umuryango wa LGBTQ+ mu Rwanda. Ibarura rusange ry’abaturage n’imiturire (2022 Census) ntiryigeze ribaza ku birebana n’imiterere y’igitsina (sexual orientation) cyangwa ibiranga umuntu mu bijyanye n’igitsina (gender identity). Ibyo bituma bigorana kubona imibare yizewe ku rwego rw’igihugu.
Nubwo nta mubare rusange uzwi, hari ubushakashatsi bumwe na bumwe bwagerageje gutanga imibare y’icyiciro kimwe cy’abagize uwo muryango. Urugero, ubushakashatsi bwitwa “Population Size Estimation of Men Who Have Sex With Men in Rwanda” (bwakozwe ku bagabo bakora imibonano n’abandi bagabo — MSM), bwasohotse kuri PubMed mu 2023, bugaragaza ko muri icyo cyiciro hashobora kubarizwa abantu bagera ku 18,100 (hagati ya 11,300 na 29,700), bangana hafi na 0.7% by’abagabo bakuru bafite imyaka 18 no hejuru.
Hari n’ubundi bushakashatsi bwiswe “Othering and Marginalizing the ‘Queer’ in Rwanda” (2024), bwakozwe n’abashakashatsi ku rwego mpuzamahanga, bwabajije abantu 499 biyemerera ko ari abanyamuryango ba LGBTQ+, ariko ubwo bushakashatsi ntibwari bugamije gutanga imibare y’igihugu cyose.
Amakuru yaturutse mu bigo nka Health Development Initiative (HDI) na African Population and Health Research Center (APHRC) nayo agaragaza ko hakiri icyuho mu kubona imibare yizewe, kuko abantu benshi batinya kugaragaza uko bateye kubera impamvu z’ivangura, isoni, cyangwa ubwoba bw’ingaruka bashobora guhura na zo.
Ibyo byose bituma abantu benshi bo mu muryango wa LGBTQ+ badatangaza ukuri ku miterere yabo, bigatuma imibare iboneka iba mike cyangwa idafite ishusho nyayo.
N.B: Ababarizwa mu muryango wa LGBTQ+ badusabye kudatangaza amazina yabo, bityo ayo twakoresheje ni ayo twabahimbye.
