Rwanda NCD Alliance yatangije ubukangurambaga bwo kurwanya indwara y’uturemangingo dutukura tw’amaraso

Umuryango’Rwanda NCD Alliance’ urashaka gufatanya n’itangazamakuru mu gukangurira Abanyarwanda kumenya iyi ndwara, kurwanya imyumvire itari yo no gushishikariza abantu kuyisuzumisha hakiri kare.

Umuryango Rwanda Non-Communicable Diseases Alliance (RNCDA), uhuriza hamwe abafatanyabikorwa mu kurwanya indwara zitandura mu Rwanda, watangije ubukangurambaga bugamije gukangurira Abanyarwanda kumenya indwara y’uturemangingo dutukura tw’amaraso izwi nka Sickle Cell Disease, no gushishikariza inzego zitandukanye gufatanya mu kuyikumira no kwita ku bayirwaye.

Muri ubu bukangurambaga, RNCDA irashaka gukorana n’ibitangazamakuru kugira ngo amakuru yizewe kuri iyi ndwara agere ku baturage, bahabwe ubumenyi bubafasha kuyisobanukirwa, kurwanya ibihuha n’imyumvire itari yo, no guca akato gashobora gukorerwa abayirwaye.

Uyu muryango ugaragaza ko iyi ndwara y’amaraso ikomoka ku ruhererekane rw’uturemangingo ndangasano (genetic disorder) ishobora guteza abarwayi n’imiryango yabo ibibazo bikomeye by’ubuzima, imitekerereze n’ubukungu, ndetse ikongera umutwaro ku nzego z’ubuvuzi.

Indwara ishobora kubangamira urujya n’uruza rw’amaraso

Indwara ya Sickle Cell Disease ni indwara y’uturemangingo dutukura tw’amaraso iterwa n’imiterere idasanzwe ya hemoglobine, poroteyine ifasha amaraso gutwara umwuka wa ogisijeni mu mubiri.

Ku muntu utarwaye iyi ndwara, uturemangingo dutukura tw’amaraso tuba dufite ishusho y’uruziga, dushobora kwihinahina kandi tukanyura mu miyoboro mito y’amaraso bitagoranye. Ku muntu uyirwaye, utwo turemangingo dushobora guhinduka tugasa n’ukwezi, tukakomera kandi ntitworoshye kwihinahina. Ibyo bishobora gutuma dufunga imiyoboro y’amaraso, bikabangamira uko amaraso atembera, ndetse tugapfa vuba kurusha ibisanzwe.

Ibi bishobora gutera ububabare bukabije, kubura amaraso ahagije mu mubiri n’ibindi bibazo bikomeye by’ubuzima. Ni indwara ikeneye gusuzumwa hakiri kare no guhabwa ubuvuzi bukwiye kugira ngo hagabanywe ibyago by’ibibazo biyishamikiyeho.

Umutwaro ukomeye ku bana bo muri Afurika yo munsi y’Ubutayu bwa Sahara

Imibare yatanzwe muri iyi nyandiko ya RNCDA igaragaza ko ku isi hose abantu barenga miliyoni 7.7 babana n’iyi ndwara, kandi ko buri mwaka havuka impinja zirenga 500.000 ziyifite. Hafi ya 80% by’izo mpinja zivukira muri Afurika yo munsi y’Ubutayu bwa Sahara.

Iyi nyandiko inavuga ko, iyo abana bavukanye ubwoko bukomeye bw’iyi ndwara batabonye isuzuma n’ubuvuzi hakiri kare, Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (OMS/WHO) rigaragaza ko hagati ya 50% na 80% bashobora gupfa batarageza ku myaka itanu.

Mu ngamba z’ingenzi zifasha kugabanya ibibazo iyi ndwara itera harimo gusuzuma impinja hakiri kare, gukingira abana indwara zishobora gukingirwa, kubaha penicillin mu rwego rwo gukumira indwara zimwe na zimwe ziterwa na bagiteri, no gukoresha imiti nka hydroxyurea igihe muganga abitegetse.

RNCDA inagaragaza ko umubare w’abapfa bazize iyi ndwara ushobora kuba munini cyane kurusha uwigaragaza mu mibare isanzwe y’impfu, bityo hakaba hakenewe kurushaho kunoza uburyo bwo kuyisuzuma, kuyivura no gukurikirana abarwayi.

Gufatanya kugira ngo ubukangurambaga bugire icyo buhindura

RNCDA ivuga ko nta mwana cyangwa umuntu mukuru ukwiriye kubura ubuzima cyangwa kubabara bitari ngombwa bitewe no gutinda gusuzumwa, kubura imiti y’ingenzi cyangwa kutamenya amakuru yizewe kuri iyi ndwara.

Uyu muryango usanga guhangana n’ingaruka zayo bisaba ubufatanye bw’inzego za Leta, abaganga n’impuguke mu buvuzi, imiryango itari iya Leta, abaturage n’itangazamakuru.

Binyuze muri ubu bukangurambaga, RNCDA irashaka gushyigikira isuzuma ry’impinja zikivuka, korohereza abarwayi kubona ubuvuzi n’imiti bikenewe, no guteza imbere ubuvuzi buboneye kandi butavangura, ku buryo bugera ku baturage bo mu turere twose tw’igihugu.

OMS igaragaza ubukana bw’indwara ya Sickle Cell Disease ku isi

Raporo y’Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (OMS/WHO) yasohotse ku wa 6 Kanama 2025, ishingiye ku mibare yo mu 2021, igaragaza ko abantu miliyoni 7,74 babanaga n’indwara ya Sickle Cell Disease ku isi, mu gihe muri uwo mwaka havutse impinja 515.000 ziyifite.

Muri izo mpinja, hafi 80% zavukiye muri Afurika yo munsi y’Ubutayu bwa Sahara. OMS kandi yagereranyije ko mu 2021 iyi ndwara yahitanye abana 81.100 bari munsi y’imyaka itanu ku isi. <Cite refs={[“turn496341search0”]}/>

Mu Rwanda, ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mu 2005, bugatangazwa mu 2006, bwasuzumye amaraso y’uruhinja 987 avuye mu bitaro bibiri bya Kigali na Butare. Bwagaragaje ko 2,7% by’amaraso yasuzumwe yari afite ubwoko bwa hemoglobine S (Hb S trait), ariko nta ruhinja rwagaragaye rufite Sickle Cell Disease muri urwo rugero. <Cite refs={[“turn496341search1”]}/>

Icyakora, ubwo bushakashatsi ni ubwa kera kandi bwakorewe ku rugero ruto rw’abantu bo mu bitaro bibiri. Bityo, ntibuhagije kugira ngo hamenyekane uko iyi ndwara ihagaze mu Rwanda muri iki gihe, bikaba bikenewe ko haboneka imibare mishya kandi ihagarariye igihugu cyose.

Uyu muryango urahamagarira ibitangazamakuru, abafata ibyemezo n’abaturage muri rusange kugira uruhare mu kugeza ubu butumwa ku bantu benshi, kugira ngo ubumenyi kuri iyi ndwara buhinduke ibikorwa bifatika bifasha kurokora ubuzima.