Kuva kuri 633 kugera kuri 5,548: Impamvu imibare ya kanseri mu Rwanda ikomeje kuzamuka
Mu gihe u Rwanda rukomeje kongera imbaraga mu kurwanya indwara zitandura, imibare ya kanseri imenyekana mu gihugu ikomeje kuzamuka. Inzego z’ubuzima zisobanura ko iri zamuka ridakwiye guhita risobanurwa nk’aho kanseri ubwayo yiyongereye ku rugero rungana n’izamuka ry’imibare, kuko ubushobozi bwo kuyisuzuma, abakozi babifitiye ubumenyi n’ibikoresho na byo byiyongereye cyane.
Mu mwaka wa 2024/2025, inzego z’ubuzima zatangaje ko abarwayi ba kanseri bagera ku 7,000 ari bo bari bamaze kumenyekana, mu gihe mu myaka 10 ishize bari hafi ya 700.
Iri zamuka rishobora gutera impungenge, ariko abashinzwe gahunda yo kurwanya kanseri bavuga ko hari impamvu ikomeye iri inyuma y’iyi mibare: abantu benshi ubu barasuzumwa kandi kanseri ikamenyekana, mu gihe ubushobozi bwo kuyibona bwari bukiri hasi mu myaka yashize.
Imibare yo muri National Cancer Registry igaragaza ko kanseri zanditswe zazamutse ziva kuri 633 mu 2007 zigera kuri 5,548 mu 2023. Raporo ya Minisiteri y’Ubuzima ivuga ko iri zamuka ahanini ryatewe no kongera ubushobozi bwo gusuzuma, aho abaganga ba pathology bavuye kuri umwe mu 2007 bakagera kuri 22 mu 2023, ndetse n’uburyo bwo kwandika no gukurikirana imibare ya kanseri bukanozwa. (Ministry of Health Rwanda)
“Kurwara kanseri ntibikivuze urupfu”
Maniragaba Théoneste, ushinzwe gahunda y’igihugu yo gukurikirana indwara za kanseri akaba n’umuganga uzivura mu Bitaro bya Gisirikare i Kanombe, avuga ko hakiri imyumvire ikwiye guhinduka ku bijyanye na kanseri.
Ati:“Abantu benshi bari bazi ko kurwara cancer bivuze urupfu, nyamara si ko bikimeze.”
Avuga ko ubu umuntu usanze afite kanseri ashobora kubona ubuvuzi mu Rwanda, bitandukanye n’imyaka yashize aho kubona serivisi zijyanye n’iyi ndwara byari bigoye kandi abarwayi benshi bakumva ko bagomba kujya kwivuriza hanze y’igihugu.
Ati:“N’uwagize ibyago akarwara imwe mu ndwara zitandura agomba kwivuriza hanze, nyamara si ko bikimeze. N’uwivurije mu gihugu, cyane cyane cancer, akibwira ko ibintu byose nkenerwa yabisanga mu bitaro bya Butaro cyangwa i Kigali.”
Serivisi za kanseri zagejejwe mu bitaro byinshi
Mu myaka yashize, kanseri yari imwe mu ndwara zitandura zari zigoye kubona serivisi zijyanye na zo hafi y’abaturage.
Ariko inzego z’ubuzima zivuga ko Leta y’u Rwanda yongereye ubushobozi mu bijyanye no gusuzuma no kuvura kanseri, serivisi zigenda zegerezwa abaturage.
Muri ibyo bigo harimo Butaro Cancer Centre of Excellence, CHUK, Ibitaro bya Gisirikare i Kanombe, King Faisal Hospital Rwanda na CHUB.
Kwagura izi serivisi byajyanye no kongera abakozi babifitiye ubumenyi, ibikoresho byo gusuzuma no kuvura ndetse no gukangurira abaturage kujya kwa muganga hakiri kare.
Kuki imibare yazamutse cyane?
Kuba imibare ya kanseri yazamutse ntabwo bihita bivuga ko indwara ubwayo yiyongereye ku rugero rungana n’izamuka ry’imibare.
Raporo ya Minisiteri y’Ubuzima igaragaza ko imibare ya kanseri zanditswe muri National Cancer Registry yazamutse kuva kuri 633 mu 2007 kugeza kuri 5,548 mu 2023. Muri icyo gihe kandi, umubare w’abaganga ba pathology wiyongereye uva kuri umwe ugera kuri 22. (Ministry of Health Rwanda)
Ibi bituma abantu benshi bamenya indwara bafite, mu gihe mu myaka yashize bamwe bashoboraga kuyimarana igihe batayizi cyangwa bakagera kwa muganga indwara imaze gukura.
Ni na yo mpamvu abahanga mu buzima basaba ko imibare y’abamenyekana bafite kanseri isomwa mu buryo bwagutse: kwiyongera kw’abasuzumwa bishobora no kuba ikimenyetso cy’uko ubushobozi bwo gusuzuma bwateye imbere.
Kanseri zikunze kugaragara mu Rwanda
Mu kanseri zikunze kugaragara harimo kanseri y’ibere, kanseri y’inkondo y’umura, kanseri ya prostate ku bagabo, kanseri y’igifu ndetse na kanseri y’amara manini n’ahagana mu kibuno.
Raporo ya National Cancer Registry igaragaza kandi ko kanseri igaragara mu byiciro bitandukanye by’imyaka, bigaragaza ko ikibazo kitareba gusa abageze mu zabukuru. Mu mibare ya 2023, itsinda ry’imyaka 30–49 na 50–69 rigaragaramo umubare munini w’abanditswe bafite kanseri. (Ministry of Health Rwanda)
Abashinzwe gahunda ya kanseri bavuga ko kuba hari abarwayi bari mu myaka ya 40 na 50 ari kimwe mu bintu bikomeje kwitabwaho, mu gihe ubushakashatsi bukomeje gukorwa kugira ngo hamenyekane neza uruhare rw’impamvu zitandukanye.
Kanseri iterwa n’iki?
Nta mpamvu imwe ishobora kuvugwa ko ari yo itera kanseri zose.
Maniragaba asobanura ko abaganga bakoresha cyane igitekerezo cy’ibyongera ibyago byo kurwara kanseri (risk factors).
Ati:“Ntabwo ushobora kuvuga ko impamvu ya cancer ari iyi ni iyi. Ibyo tuvuga ni ibyo twita ibyago bishobora kugusunikira kuri cancer.”
Atanga urugero rw’umubyibuho ukabije, ushobora kongera ibyago byo kurwara kanseri zimwe na zimwe, harimo kanseri y’ibere.
Ariko kuba umuntu afite kimwe mu byongera ibyago ntibisobanura ko byanze bikunze azarwara kanseri, nk’uko no kutagira icyo cyago bidahita bisobanura ko umuntu adashobora kuyirwara.
Ni yo mpamvu ubutumwa bw’inzego z’ubuzima bwibanda ku kugabanya ibyongera ibyago, ariko cyane cyane ku kwisuzumisha hakiri kare.
Kwisuzumisha hakiri kare bishobora guhindura byinshi
Abaganga bashimangira ko ikintu cya mbere mu kurwanya indwara zitandura, harimo kanseri, ari ukumenya ikibazo hakiri kare.
Iyo kanseri igaragaye itaragera kure, amahirwe yo kuyivura neza no gukiza umurwayi aba menshi kurusha iyo yageze mu byiciro bikomeye.
Ni yo mpamvu inzego z’ubuzima zikomeje gukangurira abaturage kutategereza ko bagira ibimenyetso bikomeye mbere yo kujya kwisuzumisha.
HPV n’urugamba rwo kurwanya kanseri y’inkondo y’umura
Kanseri y’inkondo y’umura ni imwe mu zishobora gukumirwa ku rugero runini, kuko ifitanye isano ikomeye n’ubwandu bwa Human Papillomavirus (HPV).
U Rwanda rwatangiye gahunda y’igihugu yo gukingira HPV mu 2011, ruba igihugu cya mbere muri Afurika cyatangije gahunda y’igihugu yo gukingira HPV ku rwego rw’igihugu. Mu myaka yakurikiyeho, gahunda yageze ku kigero kirenga 90% mu gukingira abakobwa bagenewe urukingo. (WHO | Regional Office for Africa)
RBC ivuga ko urukingo rwa HPV, hamwe no gusuzumisha kanseri y’inkondo y’umura no kuvura ibisebe bibanziriza kanseri, ari zimwe mu ngamba z’ingenzi zo gukumira iyi ndwara. (RBC)
Ku bagore bari hagati y’imyaka 30 na 49, gahunda yo gusuzuma kanseri y’inkondo y’umura ikomeje gukorwa mu bigo nderabuzima n’ibitaro by’uturere, aho abagaragaweho ibisebe bibanziriza kanseri bashobora kuvurwa hakiri kare. (RBC)
Gatsibo: abagore 30–49 barakangurirwa kwisuzumisha
Mu Karere ka Gatsibo, abagore bari hagati y’imyaka 30 na 49 barakangurirwa kwitabira gahunda yo kwisuzumisha kanseri y’inkondo y’umura.
Abazagaragarwaho ibisebe bishobora kuvurwa bahabwa ubufasha hakiri kare, mu gihe abakekwaho kanseri boherezwa gukorerwa ibindi bizamini no guhabwa ubuvuzi bukwiye.
Ibi bifite akamaro kuko kuvumbura kanseri hakiri kare bishobora kongera amahirwe yo kuvurwa neza.
76%: urugendo rwo kugeza serivisi ku baturage rurakomeje
Mu kiganiro n’itangazamakuru, inzego z’ubuzima zagaragaje ko ubushobozi bwo kugeza serivisi zijyanye na kanseri ku baturage bwakomeje kwiyongera, aho 76% ari ikigereranyo cyatanzwe mu gusobanura urwego rwagezweho muri iyi gahunda.
Ibi bijyana n’izamuka ry’ubushobozi bwo gusuzuma, abakozi b’inzobere, ibikoresho n’ubukangurambaga bwo gushishikariza abaturage kwisuzumisha.
N’ubwo hari intambwe imaze guterwa, inzego z’ubuzima zigaragaza ko hakiri abaturage benshi bataragera kuri serivisi zo kwisuzumisha, bityo ko gukomeza ubukangurambaga no kwegera abaturage ari ingenzi.
Imyaka 15 yo kugabanya imfu z’indwara zitandura
Kurwanya kanseri biri mu rugamba runini rwo kurwanya indwara zitandura, zirimo diyabete, indwara z’umutima n’izindi.
Mu ntego zashyizweho mu rwego rw’ubuzima, u Rwanda rwari rufite intego yo kugabanya ku kigero cya 25% imfu zituruka ku ndwara zitandura mu gihe cy’imyaka 15.
Muri uru rugendo, inzego z’ubuzima zongereye ubushobozi bwo gusuzuma no kuvura indwara zitandura, serivisi zigenda zegerezwa abaturage ndetse n’ubukangurambaga bwo gukangurira abantu kwirinda no kwisuzumisha hakiri kare.
Imubare irazamuka, ariko ubutumwa si ubwoba
Imibare ya kanseri mu Rwanda ikomeje kuzamuka, ariko icyo abahanga basaba ni uko iyi mibare idakoreshwa mu gukwirakwiza ubwoba.
Kuva kuri 633 mu 2007 kugera kuri 5,548 mu 2023, imibare ya kanseri zanditswe yarazamutse cyane, ariko RBC isobanura ko iri zamuka rifitanye isano ahanini no kongera ubushobozi bwo gusuzuma no kunoza uburyo kanseri zandikwamo. (Ministry of Health .
Ku rundi ruhande, imibare igaragaza ko hakiri ikibazo gikomeye cyo kumenya abarwayi bose, kuko serivisi zo gusuzuma no kumenya kanseri zigomba gukomeza kugera ku baturage benshi.
Ni yo mpamvu ubutumwa bw’abaganga bukomeza kuba bumwe: ntutegereze ko kanseri igera kure ngo ushake ubufasha.
Kanseri si urupfu ruhita ruba byanze bikunze. Uko ubushobozi bwo kuyisuzuma no kuyivura bwiyongera, ni na ko amahirwe yo kuyibona hakiri kare no kuyirwanya yiyongera.
Kwisuzumisha hakiri kare, gukingirwa HPV, kwirinda ibyongera ibyago byo kurwara no kujya kwa muganga igihe hari ibimenyetso biteye impungenge ni intwaro zikomeye mu guhindura imibare ya kanseri mu Rwanda.
