Abafite ‘albinism’ barasaba uburinzi bw’uruhu buhoraho, HAO ikagaragaza imbogamizi y’amikoro

Nubwo ubufasha bwo gusuzuma uruhu no guhabwa amavuta arurinda izuba bwafashije bamwe mu bafite abumuga bw’uruhu, baracyagaragaza ko ayo mavuta adahagije. HAO ivuga ko ubushobozi buke n’uko atarakorerwa mu Rwanda bikibangamiye gahunda yo kuyageza ku bayakeneye, mu gihe ubushakashatsi bugaragaza ko kwirinda imirasire y’izuba ari ingenzi mu kugabanya ibyago bya kanseri y’uruhu.

Uwamahoro Janet, umukobwa w’imyaka 21 utuye mu Murenge wa Gatenga mu Karere ka Kicukiro, avuga ko yatangiye kubona impinduka ku ruhu rwe nyuma yo guhabwa amavuta arurinda imirasire y’izuba no kwigishwa uko akoreshwa. Ariko nubwo yishimira ubufasha yahawe, asanga hakenewe uburyo burambye bwo kuyageza ku bantu bafite albinism, cyane cyane abakora imirimo ibasaba kumara igihe kinini ku zuba.

Uwamahoro avuga ko yatangiye gukorana n’umuryango Health Alert Organization (HAO) mu 2025. Mbere yaho, uruhu rwe rwari rufite udusebe twinshi tw’umukara ndetse rukagira n’ibice bitukura. Nyuma yo gutangira gukoresha amavuta yahawe n’uyu muryango, avuga ko ibyo bimenyetso byagiye bigabanuka.

Yahawe kandi ingofero imufasha kwikingira izuba, anahabwa ubumenyi ku buryo bwo gukoresha amavuta no kwita ku ruhu rwe.

Avuga ko uburyo HAO ibagezaho serivisi bubafasha kuko rimwe na rimwe ibasanga aho batuye cyangwa igakorana n’ibigo nderabuzima byo mu turere batuyemo, bigatuma batagorwa no gushaka aho bapimirwa.

Gusa, avuga ko amavuta bahabwa atamara igihe gihagije, cyane cyane ku bantu bakora imirimo ibasaba kujya ku zuba kenshi. Asobanura ko bahabwa amacupa abiri mu mwaka, bityo agasaba ko igihe cyo kongera kuyahabwa cyagabanywa.

Uwamahoro asanga hakenewe no kongera inshuro zo gusuzuma uruhu, kugira ngo ibibazo bishobora kuvamo kanseri bigaragare hakiri kare. Asaba kandi ko ubuvugizi bwo guca akato abantu bafite albinism bakorerwa bwakomeza, haba mu miryango yabo no muri sosiyete muri rusange.

Abafite albinism mu Rwanda: Ibarura ryerekana umubare, ariko ibyago bya kanseri ntibizwi neza

Albinism ni imiterere umuntu avukana, iterwa n’uko umubiri we ukora melanin nke cyane cyangwa ntuyikore uko bikwiye. Melanin ni yo pigment ifasha mu guha ibara uruhu, umusatsi n’amaso, ikanagira uruhare mu kurinda uruhu ingaruka z’imirasire y’izuba.

Kubera ko abantu bafite albinism baba bafite melanin nke, bagira ibyago byinshi byo kwangirika kw’uruhu bitewe n’imirasire y’izuba, bishobora no kubaviramo kanseri y’uruhu.

Raporo y’ibarura rusange ry’abaturage n’imiturire rya 2022 yakozwe n’Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ibarurishamibare, NISR, igaragaza ko mu Rwanda hari abantu 1,864 bafite albinism, bafite imyaka itanu kuzamura. Muri bo, 1,384 batuye mu cyaro, mu gihe 480 batuye mu mijyi.

Iyi mibare igaragaza ko hafi 74% by’ababaruwe bafite albinism batuye mu cyaro. Ibi ni ingenzi mu gutekereza uburyo serivisi zo gusuzuma uruhu no gutanga ibikoresho birurinda izuba byagezwa ku bantu batandukanye, cyane cyane abatuye kure y’ibitaro bifite inzobere.

Icyakora, iyi mibare ntikubiyemo abana bari munsi y’imyaka itanu, kandi ntabwo ari ubushakashatsi bugaragaza umubare w’abafite albinism barwaye kanseri y’uruhu. Bivuze ko u Rwanda rukiri mu cyuho cy’amakuru ku rugero nyakuri rw’iki kibazo.

Ubushakashatsi bwakorewe mu bindi bihugu bya Afurika na bwo bugaragaza ubukana bw’iki kibazo. Ubushakashatsi bwakorewe muri Tanzania ku bantu 164 bafite albinism bwagaragaje ko 25% by’abari bafite imyaka irenga 20 bari baragaragaweho kanseri y’uruhu. Ubundi bwakorewe muri Afurika y’Epfo ku bantu 111 bafite albinism bwagaragaje ko 23% bari bafite kanseri y’uruhu.

Iyi mibare ntishobora gufatwa nk’igipimo cy’abafite albinism mu Rwanda, kuko ubushakashatsi bwakorewe mu bindi bihugu, mu bihe bitandukanye no ku matsinda y’abantu yari afite umubare wihariye. Ariko igaragaza impamvu gukumira no gusuzuma hakiri kare ari ingenzi.

HAO: Imbogamizi y’amavuta adahagije n’uburyo bwo kuyageza ku bayakeneye

Vuningoma Emmanuel, ushinzwe ibikorwa n’imiyoborere muri HAO, avuga ko uwo muryango wahurije hamwe inzego za Leta, abafatanyabikorwa n’inzego z’ubuzima kugira ngo barebere hamwe imbogamizi abantu bafite albinism bahura na zo mu kubona serivisi z’ubuvuzi no kwirinda indwara z’uruhu.

Avuga ko HAO ikorera mu turere umunani ari two Kicukiro, Bugesera, Kirehe, Musanze, Rubavu, Gisagara, Rutsiro na Nyamasheke, ikorana n’ibigo nderabuzima n’amavuriro 38.

Mu bikorwa byayo harimo gusuzuma uruhu, gutanga amavuta arurinda imirasire y’izuba, kwigisha abantu uko bayakoresha no gufasha abagaragayeho ibimenyetso bikomeye kubona ubuvuzi bw’inzobere.

Mu isuzuma HAO yakoze mu 2025 mu bigo nderabuzima 19 byo mu turere twa Bugesera na Rutsiro, yagaragaje imbogamizi zijyanye no kubona serivisi no koherezwa ku mavuriro y’inzobere. Muri abo yabajije, 70% bavuze ko ikiguzi ari yo mbogamizi nyamukuru ituma batabona ubuvuzi bwoherezwamo, mu gihe 39% batari bazi neza inzira bakurikiza kugira ngo boherezwe ku mavuriro y’inzobere.

Iyo nyigo yanagaragaje ko 80% by’ababajijwe bishingikiriza ku bwishingizi rusange bw’ubuvuzi, ariko ko amavuta arinda izuba n’ibikoresho bifasha kureba bitari mu byo bwishyura nk’uko HAO yabigaragaje. Mu bigo by’ubuzima byo muri Bugesera byasuzumwe, abakozi umunani kuri icumi ntibari barahuguwe ku mabwiriza yo kohereza abarwayi ku mavuriro y’inzobere.

Ibi bigaragaza ko ikibazo kitagarukira gusa ku kuba umuntu afite amavuta make. Harimo n’ikibazo cyo kumenya aho yakura ubuvuzi, kubona abakozi babifitiye ubumenyi no kubona ubushobozi bwo kugera ku mavuriro y’inzobere.

Vuningoma avuga ko nubwo abagenerwabikorwa bishimira serivisi babona, ikibazo cy’amavuta adahagije bagihanganye na cyo. Asobanura ko amavuta bahabwa aturuka muri Espagne, ku nkunga ya Beyond Suncare, kandi ko ingano bashobora gutanga igengwa n’ubushobozi bw’amikoro bafite.

Avuga ko HAO izi ko amacupa abiri umuntu ahabwa mu mwaka ashobora kutamuhagije, ariko ko kugeza ubu u Rwanda rutaragira uruganda rukora ayo mavuta.

Yongeraho ko hari ibiganiro n’abantu bo muri Ghana bayakora, ndetse ko HAO imaze kugirana na bo imikoranire n’amasezerano. Avuga ko intego ari ugutangira ibikorwa byo kuyakorerera mu Rwanda mu mwaka wa 2027, birimo gutegura laboratwari. Icyakora, iyo gahunda iracyakeneye gukurikiranywa kugira ngo hamenyekane igihe izatangirira n’ubushobozi izaba ifite.

Uyu muyobozi avuga ko mu gihe amavuta akiri make, HAO yigisha abagenerwabikorwa kuyakoresha neza, bakibanda ku bice by’umubiri bigera ku zuba, kandi bakifashisha imyambaro ibakingira.

Ku bijyanye no gusuzuma uruhu, avuga ko bikorwa hagamijwe kumenya hakiri kare ibimenyetso bishobora guteza kanseri, kugira ngo uwagaragayeho ikibazo ahabwe ubufasha cyangwa yoherezwe ku bitaro bikwiye.

Vuningoma asaba Leta n’inzego z’ubuzima gukomeza gushyigikira ibikorwa byo kwita ku bafite albinism, by’umwihariko mu kubona ibikoresho bibarinda izuba no guhangana n’akato.

WHO yashyize amavuta arinda izuba ku rutonde rw’imiti y’ingenzi

Mu rwego mpuzamahanga, hari intambwe yatewe mu kumenya uruhare rw’amavuta arinda izuba mu kwita ku buzima bw’abantu bafite albinism.

Mu 2025, Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima, WHO, ryashyize amavuta arinda imirasire ya UVA na UVB (broad-spectrum sunscreen) ku rutonde rw’imiti y’ingenzi ku bantu bafite albinism, ndetse no ku bana.

WHO igaragaza ko ayo mavuta ari kimwe mu bikoresho by’ingenzi mu gukumira kwangirika kw’uruhu no kugabanya ibyago bya kanseri y’uruhu. Ishimangira kandi ko kuyakoresha bigomba kujyana n’izindi ngamba zirimo kwambara imyenda itwikira uruhu, gushaka ahantu hari igicucu no kugabanya igihe umuntu amara ku zuba.

Gushyirwa kuri uru rutonde ni intambwe ikomeye mu guhamagarira ibihugu gushyira mu igenamigambi ry’ubuzima uburyo bwo kubona ayo mavuta. Ariko ntibivuze ko u Rwanda rwahise ruyashyira ku rutonde rw’imiti y’ingenzi ikoreshwa mu gihugu cyangwa ngo ubwishingizi bw’ubuvuzi buhite butangira kuyishyura.

Ibi ni byo bituma ikibazo cya Uwamahoro n’abandi bafite albinism gikomeza kuba ingenzi: kumenya niba ibikoresho byo kwirinda izuba bizakomeza kubageraho mu buryo buhoraho, aho kuba inkunga bagenerwa n’imishinga runaka gusa.

RBC: Ubuvuzi budaheza bukwiye kugera kuri bose

Dr Fulgence Nsengumuremyi, ukorera mu ishami ry’indwara zitandura (NCDs) mu Kigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ubuzima, RBC, by’umwihariko mu ishami rishinzwe kanseri, avuga ko gahunda y’ubuvuzi mu Rwanda igamije ko buri muntu ahabwa serivisi zijyanye n’uburwayi cyangwa imiterere yihariye afite.

Avuga ko umuntu ufite albinism aramutse arwaye kanseri y’uruhu agomba kuvurwa nk’abandi barwayi ba kanseri, ariko hakitabwa ku byo akeneye byihariye.

Ku kibazo cy’abafite albinism batabona amavuta ahagije yo kwirinda izuba, Dr Nsengumuremyi avuga ko hakenewe ubuvugizi mu nzego z’ubuzima kugira ngo iki kibazo gikemurwe, kandi ko RBC ikwiye kugira uruhare mu gutuma abo bantu bitabwaho uko bikwiye.

Yemeza ko nubwo hakiri imbogamizi, abantu bafite albinism bakwiye gukomeza kwigishwa uburyo bwo kwirinda imirasire y’izuba no gukoresha neza ibikoresho bafite, mu gihe ibisubizo birambye bigishakishwa.

Ku bijyanye n’akato, Dr Nsengumuremyi avuga ko hari impinduka zimaze kugaragara, ariko ko bitarashira burundu. Asobanura ko hakiri abantu batumva neza ko albinism ari imiterere umuntu avukana, atari indwara yandura cyangwa ikomoka ku mahitamo y’ababyeyi.

Avuga ko hakenewe gukomeza ubukangurambaga n’uburezi, kugira ngo imyumvire itari yo isimburwe n’ubumenyi, kandi abantu bafite albinism bafatwe nk’abandi baturage bafite ubushobozi n’uburenganzira bungana.

Yibutsa ko kugira albinism bidakuraho ubushobozi bw’umuntu, kuko ikibazo kiba ku ruhu gusa, bityo ko nta muntu ukwiye guhezwa cyangwa kwishisha undi kubera iyo miterere.

Guhindura ubufasha umusingi wa serivisi zihoraho…

Ibyatangajwe n’abaganiriye na Impuruza.net bigaragaza ko hari intambwe imaze guterwa mu kugeza serivisi ku bantu bafite albinism, ariko ko hakiri ikibazo cy’uko ubufasha butaragera ku rwego rwizewe kandi ruhoraho.

Uwamahoro agaragaza ko amavuta n’isuzuma byamufashije, ariko ko ingano ahabwa idahagije. HAO yo igaragaza ko ubushobozi bw’amikoro n’uko amavuta atarakorerwa mu gihugu bikiri imbogamizi, mu gihe RBC ivuga ko hakenewe ubuvugizi n’ubuvuzi budaheza.

Imibare y’ibarura ry’abaturage, ubushakashatsi bwa HAO n’ubushakashatsi bwakorewe mu bindi bihugu byose bishimangira ko hakenewe gahunda ihoraho yo gukumira no gusuzuma kanseri y’uruhu ku bantu bafite albinism. Ariko kugira ngo ibyo bigerweho, hakenewe amakuru yizewe, amavuta ahagije, abakozi bahuguwe n’uburyo bworoshye bwo kohereza abarwayi ku mavuriro y’inzobere.

Ikibazo gikomeye gisigaye ni uburyo ibyo bikorwa byakomeza no mu gihe inkunga y’abafatanyabikorwa yagabanuka cyangwa igahagarara. Ibyo bisaba ko serivisi zo kwirinda kanseri y’uruhu ku bafite albinism zishyirwa mu igenamigambi ry’ubuzima, hakaboneka amavuta ahagije n’uburyo bwo kuyageza ku bayakeneye.

Kuri Uwamahoro n’abandi bafite albinism, kwirinda kanseri y’uruhu ntibikwiye kuba amahirwe aterwa n’uwabonye umushinga umufasha. Bikwiye kuba serivisi z’ubuzima zizewe kandi buri wese ushobora kuzikeneye akazigeraho.